Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin
The idea, shared on the Ethereum Magicians forum, could bring significant improvements to scalability, performance, and simplicity – especially for zero-knowledge (ZK) applications.
This shift would mark one of the most fundamental changes in Ethereum’s development history and could redefine how smart contracts are executed across the network.
The EVM has served as the foundation for smart contract execution since Ethereum launched. But over time, limitations have become more apparent—particularly when it comes to supporting complex applications and efficiently handling zero-knowledge proofs.
According to Buterin, RISC-V could solve many of these issues. He argues that a move toward this architecture is the only realistic way to simplify and streamline Ethereum’s execution layer while preparing it for next-generation use cases.
RISC-V is already widely used across the hardware and software industries. As an open-source standard, it offers a lean and flexible foundation that could be more efficient than Ethereum’s current virtual machine.
Buterin estimates that Ethereum could see up to 100x improvements in execution performance, especially for ZK-EVMs – systems that replicate EVM logic within zero-knowledge environments. These setups currently require substantial computational resources just to verify transactions, so improved efficiency would have an immediate impact.
Buterin outlined three potential routes for implementation:
Each option presents its own set of trade-offs, but the core idea is to make Ethereum more modular and adaptable as new technologies emerge. If adopted, this would be one of the most significant architectural changes in Ethereum’s roadmap to date.
The ETH price in 2025 has been turbulent. After starting the year at $3,337.61, Ethereum faced major drawdowns in February (-32.2%) and March (-18.4%).
In April, ETH dropped to a low of $1,474.17 on April 9 but has since rebounded to trade between $1,690.67 and $1,470.53. Over the past week, ETH has climbed 0.8%, with a 3% increase in the last 24 hours, indicating signs of recovery. Ethereum previously saw a rally in late 2024, surging over 66.75% between November and December and peaking at $4,106.71 on December 16, supported by favorable political shifts in the U.S.
With technical shifts on the table and market sentiment still volatile, Ethereum’s next chapter will be one to watch.
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