Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin says the future of on-chain system design will rely on a two-layer structure. The first layer focuses on open and accountable execution, such as prediction markets, where correct decisions are rewarded, and wrong ones face losses. The second layer handles preferences and judgment, using decentralized, anonymous, and non-token-based voting systems like MACI. This design aims to resist capture, prevent collusion, and reduce the risk of 51% attacks.
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